3D-printed electroactive hydrogel architectures with sub-100 μm resolution promote myoblast viability

Journal article

Rebecca L. Keate, Joshua Tropp, Caralyn Collins, Henry Oliver T. Ware, Anthony J. Petty II, Guillermo Ameer, Cheng Sun, Jonathan Rivnay
Macromolecular Biosciences, vol. 22(8), 2022, p. 2200103

DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200103

Cite

APA Click to copy
Keate, R. L., Tropp, J., Collins, C., Ware, H. O. T., II, A. J. P., Ameer, G., … Rivnay, J. (2022). 3D-printed electroactive hydrogel architectures with sub-100 μm resolution promote myoblast viability. Macromolecular Biosciences, 22(8), 2200103. https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202200103

Chicago/Turabian Click to copy
Keate, Rebecca L., Joshua Tropp, Caralyn Collins, Henry Oliver T. Ware, Anthony J. Petty II, Guillermo Ameer, Cheng Sun, and Jonathan Rivnay. “3D-Printed Electroactive Hydrogel Architectures with Sub-100 Μm Resolution Promote Myoblast Viability.” Macromolecular Biosciences 22, no. 8 (2022): 2200103.

MLA Click to copy
Keate, Rebecca L., et al. “3D-Printed Electroactive Hydrogel Architectures with Sub-100 Μm Resolution Promote Myoblast Viability.” Macromolecular Biosciences, vol. 22, no. 8, 2022, p. 2200103, doi:10.1002/mabi.202200103.

BibTeX Click to copy

@article{rebecca2022a,
  title = {3D-printed electroactive hydrogel architectures with sub-100 μm resolution promote myoblast viability},
  year = {2022},
  issue = {8},
  journal = {Macromolecular Biosciences},
  pages = {2200103},
  volume = {22},
  doi = {10.1002/mabi.202200103},
  author = {Keate, Rebecca L. and Tropp, Joshua and Collins, Caralyn and Ware, Henry Oliver T. and II, Anthony J. Petty and Ameer, Guillermo and Sun, Cheng and Rivnay, Jonathan}
}

3D printed hydrogel scaffolds functionalized with conductive polymers have demonstrated significant potential in regenerative applications for their structural tunability, physiochemical compatibility, and electroactivity. Controllably generating conductive hydrogels with fine features, however, has proven challenging. Here, we utilize micro-continuous liquid interface production (μCLIP) method to 3D print poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels. With a unique in-situ polymerization approach, a sulfonated monomer is first incorporated into the hydrogel matrix and subsequently polymerized into a conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly(4-(2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethoxy)-butane-1 sulfonic acid sodium salt (PEDOT-S). Rod structures were fabricated at different crosslinking levels to investigate PEDOT-S incorporation and its effect on bulk hydrogel electronic and mechanical properties. After demonstrating PEDOT-S did not significantly compromise the structures of the bulk material, pHEMA scaffolds were fabricated via μCLIP with features smaller than 100 μm. Scaffold characterization confirmed PEDOT-S incorporation bolstered conductivity while lowering overall modulus. Finally, C2C12 myoblasts were seeded on PEDOT-pHEMA structures to verify cytocompatibility and the potential of this material in future regenerative applications. PEDOT-pHEMA scaffolds promoted increased cell viability relative to their non-conductive counterparts and differentially influenced cell organization. Taken together, this study presents a promising new approach for fabricating complex conductive hydrogel structures for regenerative applications.